The Effect of Urban Expansion on Biodiversity Loss in Taraba State
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Background of the Study
Urbanization is a significant driver of biodiversity loss, especially in developing regions. As cities expand, natural habitats are destroyed to make room for infrastructure, leading to the decline or extinction of various species (Adeleke et al., 2023). In Taraba State, located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, rapid urban expansion has led to significant changes in land use, particularly around Jalingo, the state capital, which is experiencing considerable growth due to increased population and industrialization (Chikwendu et al., 2024). This urban sprawl has resulted in deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and pollution, which directly affect local biodiversity.
Biodiversity in Taraba State is rich, with numerous endemic species, particularly in the Mambilla Plateau, but the encroachment of urban development poses a serious threat to this diversity (Salihu & Jibril, 2023). Studies have shown that urban expansion disrupts ecosystems, reduces species habitats, and alters local climate conditions, further threatening biodiversity (Olarewaju et al., 2023). This study aims to evaluate the impact of urban expansion on biodiversity loss in Taraba State, examining the extent to which land-use changes affect wildlife, plant species, and ecosystem services that support human livelihoods.
Statement of the Problem
Urban expansion in Taraba State has led to widespread habitat loss, which threatens the biodiversity of the region. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the extent of biodiversity loss due to urbanization. Understanding the impact of urban expansion on biodiversity is essential to inform sustainable urban planning and conservation policies.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the effects of urban expansion on biodiversity in Taraba State.
- To examine the relationship between land-use changes and biodiversity loss in the state.
- To propose strategies for mitigating biodiversity loss while accommodating urban growth in Taraba State.
Research Questions
- How has urban expansion in Taraba State contributed to biodiversity loss?
- What are the key species and ecosystems most affected by urbanization in Taraba State?
- What strategies can be implemented to minimize biodiversity loss due to urban expansion?
Research Hypotheses
- Urban expansion has significantly contributed to biodiversity loss in Taraba State.
- The fragmentation of habitats due to urbanization has led to a decline in species richness in Taraba State.
- Implementing urban planning strategies focused on conservation will reduce the negative effects of urban expansion on biodiversity in Taraba State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on urban areas in Taraba State, particularly Jalingo, and the surrounding ecosystems affected by urban growth. Limitations may include challenges in obtaining long-term data on species populations and habitat conditions due to the rapid pace of urbanization.
Definitions of Terms
- Urban Expansion: The process by which cities or towns increase in size, leading to the conversion of natural land into built environments.
- Biodiversity Loss: The reduction in the variety and abundance of species in an ecosystem due to human activities.
- Habitat Fragmentation: The breaking up of large natural habitats into smaller, isolated patches due to urban development or other land-use changes.
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